人文环境建设英文(人文环境交通便利英文)干货分享

# **1．accident / incident / event**
尤指与较为重大的事件相比显得不重要的事件；它还用以表示引起国际争端或战争

 

应广大高中童鞋的号召，小编特地为即将面临高考或即将走进高中的童鞋们整理出了部分的重点名词辨析，希望对童鞋们有帮助！1．accident / incident / eventaccident：事故通常指意外事件，偶发事件。

例如：例388：Twenty people were killed in the railway accident.例389：It was quite an accident. （这完全是偶然事件）incident：事件。

尤指与较为重大的事件相比显得不重要的事件；它还用以表示引起国际争端或战争等的历史事件例如：例390：This is only a common incident.例391：The Lugouqiao Incident occurred on July 7, 1937.

event：大事件，大记事；比赛项目例如：例392：Another earthquake struck Indonesia. Thousands of journalists were sent to cover the event.。

例393：Which events have you entered for? （你参加了哪几项比赛？）

2．ache / painache主要指身体某一部分的“疼痛、酸楚”，常用于复合名词，如headache，toothache，stomachache用作此义时，有时可以与pain换用例如：例394：Where is the ache / pain？。

pain可用于身心两方面所感受到的痛楚，在指精神方面的痛苦时不能用ache代替如：例395：His unkind remarks caused me a great deal of pain. （他不友善的话让我很伤心。

）例396：Her laziness caused pain to her parents. （她的懒散让她父母很头痛）3．affair / matter / business / thingaffair：事情，事务。

常以复数形式出现，通常指重大或头绪较多的事务例如：例397：He is now in charge of foreign affairs. （他现在负责外交事务）又如：international affairs 国际事务，family affairs家庭事务，class affairs班级事务。

matter：物质（用作不可数名词）；问题（常指毛病或麻烦事）例如：例398：All matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.例399：What’s the matter with you?。

例400：Don’t worry. It is simply a matter of time. （别担心，这只是时间问题）business：事情常指正经事或闲事有时说的是指派的工作或商业买卖例如：例401：Business before pleasure. （先正事，后娱乐。

）例402：Now let’s get down to business. （咱们谈正事吧）例403：He went to Shanghai on business.例404：It’s none of your business. （不关你的事。

）例405：Mind your own business. （少管闲事！）thing：东西，事情用复数意为“情况，形势”例如：例406：What are those things on the table?。

例407：No such thing. （没那种事）例408：Things are getting worse and worse. （情况变得越来越糟）4．aim / purpose / object。

aim：目的，目标指抱有一种明确的目的，并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力，相当于goal也可作动词，意为“对……瞄准, 打算”例如：例409：What’s your aim in life?例410：Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.。

（生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针）例411：We aim to complete / aim at completing the project by next month.purpose：目的，意图指心中有打算，并意味着对所做的打算有较大的决心。

例如：例412：It was done with a definite purpose. （做这事是有明确目的的）例413：For what purpose do you want to go to Canada？。

例414：He came here with the purpose of carrying out the plan.（他是带着实施这个计划的目的来这里的）object：目标指眼前的目标和努力方向例如：。

例415：The object of my visit is to consult you. （我来找你的目的是要请教你）例416：What is your object in studying English？。

5．amount / numberamount（of）：数量，量后接不可数名词例如：例417：People bought a great amount of food from the market before the Spring Festival.。

number（of）：数量只可接可数名词例如：例418：A number of experts attended the conference held in Shanghai yesterday.6．animal / beast / creature

animal：动物区别于植物而言，是常用词语例如：例419：It is an animal of monkey kind.beast：动物，走兽通常指四足动物例如：例420：The tiger is a beast of prey.（老虎是食肉兽。

）creature：生物，生灵指人时，常带有感情色彩例如：例421：Your daughter is a lovely creature. （你女儿是个可爱的小精灵）例422：What a cold-blooded creature!。

例423：Spielberg has made two films about creatures that come to the earth from outer space.（斯皮尔伯格已拍了两部外星球生物来地球的电影。

）7．bank / shore / beach / coastbank：岸常指河岸例如：例424：The town is on the bank of the river.shore：岸常指海、湖的岸，含有与水相对的意味。

例如：例425：The ship stopped a little way off the shore. （船停在了海岸边不远处）beach：海滩，湖滩常指涨潮时有水，退潮时无水的有沙子或卵石的海滩或湖滩。

如：例426：The children are playing on the beach.coast：海岸仅指沿海之岸，尤作为水域边界例如：例427：There are many harbors on the east coast of our land.。

8．cause / reasoncause：起因，缘故着重指产生某种结果的原因例如：例428：The cause of the fire was carelessness. （这次火灾是由于粗心引起的）。

例429：What was the cause of it?reason：原因，理由着重指产生某种行为或想法的理由例如：例430：I have no reason for it.例431：Give your reason for changing the plan.。

例432：The reason why I did not come yesterday is that I was sick.9．chance / opportunitychance：机会（用作可数名词，是普通用语，尤以指一种侥幸的或偶然的机会）；可能性（用作不可数名词，相当于possibility）。

例如：例433：We were offered another chance.例434：He has long hoped for a chance of success.例435：There is no chance that he failed to come. （他不可能来不了。

）opportunity：指良好的“机会，机遇，时机”例如：例436：I am glad to have this opportunity of speaking to you alone.（很高兴有机会和你单独谈谈。

）例437：China has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics.10．clothes / clothing / clothclothes：衣服是名词复数，不直接与数词连用。

例如：例438：Most of her clothes were made by herself.例439：I need to go and buy some new clothes.clothing：衣物。

是总称，没有复数形式指一件衣服用a piece of / an article of clothing例如：例440：The flooded areas are now in great need of food and clothing.

（水灾地区现在急需食物和衣物）例441：Remember to buy an article of new clothing before you go for a job interview.（去工作面试时记得买一件新衣服穿。

）cloth：布料是物质名词，不可数名词例如：例442：Clothes made of this kind of cloth are invisible to anyone who is unfit for his office.。

（这种布料制成的衣服，不称职者看不见）11．country / nation / statecountry：国家着重指疆土、国土和家园the country=the countryside乡村，农村例如：。

例443：China is a great country with a long history. (中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家)例444：France and Germany are European countries.。

例445：He is content to live in the country/countryside． (他满足于住在乡下)nation：国家，民族着重指民族和国民，常带感情色彩在国际交往等正式场合，nation语体庄重，比country常用。

例如：例446：The Chinese nation is a great one.例447：The president spoke on TV to the nation.例448：The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.

（得知这个消息，整个国家都沉浸在悲痛之中）例449：Trade between nations is much better than war.(国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多)state：国家，政府。

着重指政权和国家机关例如：例450：Railways in China belong to the state.（在中国，铁路归国家所有）例451：All the natural resources are managed by the state.。

12．day after day / day by dayday after day：日复一日强调反复, 周而复始该短语可作主语和状语例如：例452：Everything stays the same day after day.。

例453：Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.（日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯）day by day：一天天强调逐渐变化该短语只能作状语。

例如：例454：Our living conditions are improving day by day.13．environment / surroundingsenvironment：环境，可指自然环境也可指人文环境，多指给人思想、感情等造成影响的事物或情况。

例如：例455：He told a story of man’s struggle with his environment.（他讲了一个人类与环境抗争的故事）例456：It’s not a very safe environment for children there.。

surroundings：环境，多指自然环境例如：例457：The guest house stands in beautiful surroundings.14．family / home / house。

family：家，家庭，家里人指家庭成员结构例如：例458：The family is large, and the whole family are now watching TV.例459：He has a family of three.。

例460：He has a large family to support. (他要养活一大家子)home：家，家园指出生及日常生活的那种环境也可用作副词例如：例461：My home is not far from here.。

例462：The car broke down on the way home. (在回家的路上车抛锚了)house：房子，住宅指居住的建筑物例如：例463：The old house was built of stones.。

例464：The big fire destroyed the whole house．15．fun / jokefun：玩笑，娱乐是不可数名词例如：例465：The old man is full of fun.。

例466：Don’t make fun of him.joke：玩笑，笑料是可数名词例如：例467：I had a joke with her.例468：Let’s play a joke on Mr. Wang.。

16．habit / customhabit：习惯，习性指个人，常与of doing sth连用例如：例469：Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.。

例470：Tom has the habit of listening to music while reading.custom：习惯，风俗指个人、社会或团体，常与to do sth连用例如：例471：It is Tom’s custom to listen to music while he is reading.。

例472：It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.例473：Social customs vary in different countries. （不同国家，风俗不一样。

）17．holiday / vacation / leaveholiday：假日指逢节日、纪念日的休假日have a (或one’s) holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。

这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不一定只是“一天”假其复数形式有时也指学校、机关的假期例如：例474：We got a holiday last Thursday.例475：Tom and I are going to have a holiday. （我和汤姆准备去度假。

）例476：Where did you spend your summer holidays?vacation：假期，任何节假日或休息日，持续时间较长在美语中指各种假日例如：例477：Winter vacation is drawing near. （寒假临近。

）例478：I’m away on vacation / holiday for the next two weeks.leave：准假，请假期间例如：例479：You have my leave to stay away from the office tomorrow. （允许你明天请假。

）例480：I asked for three days’ leave last week. （上周我请假三天）比较：例481：I asked for three days off last week. （意思同上，off为副词，表“缺席、不在”。

）18．job / work / labor / taskwork：工作通常用作不可数名词例如：例482：You have done a day’s work in three hours.例483：Can hard work change a person that much?。

(艰辛的工作能使一个人改变那么多吗？)例484：When I went to see him, he was still at work.job：工作，活通常用作可数名词作“工作”解时有同义词position, place, post等；作“活”解时有同义词task, duty等。

例如：例485：When you start a job, you must stick to it.例486：I’m not going to wash the dishes; that’s his job.

例487：She has found a part-time job.labor：劳动(力)常指体力劳动，通常用作不可数名词例如：例488：Most of them earn their living by manual labor. （他们大多靠体力劳动为生。

）例489：We are in great need of skilled labor. (我们急需熟练劳动工)task：任务，工作常指难的工作例如：例490：He was charged with an important task at that time. （当时他负有一项重要任务。

）例491：Trying to bring up a small child on your own is no easy task.（要自己抚养一个小孩不是件轻松的工作）19．kind / typekind：种，类（比较笼统、模糊）。

type：类型、风格（比较具体）例如：例492：There are many kinds of animals in the zoo, including three types of tigers.20．man / human being / people / person / mankind

man：以单数形式出现，如果其前不加任何冠词，可泛指“人”，包括男人和女人；也可泛指“人类”例如：例493：Man is mortal. （人终有一死）例494：Be a man. （做个大丈夫！／要有男子气概！）。

human being：可数名词，有单复数形式它侧重于指与其他的动物、植物或鬼神相对的“人类”有时，我们还可说成human例如：例495：She thought she could turn a deaf person into a useful human being.。

（她认为她能够把一个聋人变成一个有用的人）people：集体名词，表示“人”时，总是用作复数，一个人不可说成one people，而要说成one person使用people 时应注意以下几点：① 其前不加任何冠词时泛指“人，人们”。

例如：例496：People from all walks of life will be present at the meeting.（各条战线的人们都会出席这次会议）② 其前加the，表示“人民，民众”。

例如：例497：We should serve the people heart and soul. （我们应全心全意为人民服务）③ people 用着可数名词时，表示不同的民族或不同国家的人民例如：例498：May the friendship between the two peoples last forever.

（祝愿两国人民的友谊万古常青）person：意为“人”，是最普通的说法，它可用于指所有的人，包括男人、女人和孩子，是可数名词例如：例499：Do you know the person over there?。

mankind：常用来指代整个人类其前不加任何冠词，本身也不能加复数词尾例如：例500：Mankind is progressive. （人类总是不断进步的）21．middle / centermiddle：中间，当中。

指跟两边或各边、两端或各端大致等距离的部分；可以用于指空间或时间例如：例501：In the middle of the room stands a table.例502：It will be coming into bloom about the middle of next month. （下月中旬会开花。

）center：中心通常用于指空间，强调正中心它还可用于借喻，表示某一事物的中心center作动词用时，其含义为“集中”，后常接介词on例如：例503：Draw a circle round a given center. （用所给的圆心画圆。

）例504：Beijing is the political，economic and cultural center of China.（北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心）例505：The discussion centers on the most important question．。

(这次讨论主题集中在这个最重要的问题上)22．question / problemquestion：问题作动词意为“提问，质疑”， 指由于疑惑不解而提出疑问例如：例506：Can I ask a question of you?。

例507：Can I ask you a question?例508：Tom made a quick answer to the question. （汤姆马上作出回答）例509：She hates being questioned about her past. （她不喜欢别人问起她的过去。

）例510：One questioned whether he was telling the truth. (有人提出质疑他是否讲真话)problem：问题指等待解决或决定的问题，尤指难题例如：例511：The maths problem is too hard for me to work out.

例512：We argued with them about this problem for a long time．23．soil / earth / ground / land / mudsoil：土地，土壤。

指含有有机成分、适宜于耕种的土壤例如：例513：The water washed away much of the top soil.earth：土，泥（相对于岩石和沙子而言）；地球例如：例514：The peasants were trying to fill the big hole with earth.。

（农民正在设法用土填那个大坑）例515：Today the earth is becoming more and more polluted. （现在地球受污染越来越严重）ground：土地，地面指大地表面。

例如：例516：The wounded have been lying on the ground for more than two hours.land：陆地，土地指海洋、河流相对的陆地例如：例517：We came here by land, not by water. （我们是从陆路来，不是从水路来。

）mud：泥，泥浆例如：例518：After the football match, he was covered with mud. （足球赛过后，他浑身沾满泥）24．sound / noise / voice。

sound：声音，声响指所能听到的任何声音例如：例519：Last night I heard the sound of voice first, then the sound of music and finally there came the sound of breaking glasses and plates. （昨晚我先是听到了谈话声，接着听到了音乐声，最后传来了打破杯子、盘子的声音。

）noise：嘈杂声，噪音例如：例520：The noise from the factory machines kept me awake the whole night.例521：Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.。

voice：声音，嗓音指人说话或唱歌的声音例如：例522：Could you raise your voice so that I can catch you?例523：He called for help in a loud voice.。

25．state / condition / situationstate：状态，状况指人或物在环境、外观、心情等方面的状态、情形例如：例524：Ice is the solid state of water.。

例525：He’s now in a poor state of mind. （他现在心情不好）condition：条件，状况侧重于外部的、周边的环境或条件例如：例526：The conditions here can’t agree with me. （这里的条件不适合我。

）例527：The workers went on strike, demanding better pay and working conditions.（工人们举行罢工，要求更高的报酬和更好的工作条件。

）例528：The house was in a terrible condition / state of repair. （这房子极需修葺）situation：情况，形势，局势，局面常指军事、政治、经济的状态，也可指某人、某物所处的特殊情况。

例如：例529：Nowadays the international situations are changeable. （当今国际形势风云多变）例530：He’s now getting into difficult situations. （他陷入困境。

）例531：Schoolchildren must be taught to deal with dangerous situations.26．story / talestory：故事普通用词，可以指对一个虚构或真实事件的叙述，口头形式或书面形式皆可。

例如：例532：I have read many novels and stories in English.例533：I would tell my child a story before sleep.

tale：故事指任何为欺骗或娱乐而讲的或编撰的荒诞事件，尤指为逗孩子们娱乐所讲的童话或所编的夸张性故事例如：例534：It is a false tale. （那是无稽之谈）例535：I liked fairy tales when I was a child. （童年的我喜欢童话故事。

）27．strength / force / energy / powerstrength：力量，力气常指固有的潜在力量，如人的气力、精力，也指物质的强度等例如：例536：Union is strength. （团结就是力量。

）例537：He lifted the stone with all his strength.例538：By doing so, you can test the strength of steel. （这样做，你可以试验一下钢的强度。

）force：力量，力气常指暴力、势力、军事力量等；复数形式指“兵力、武力”等例如：例539：Finally they had to open the door by force.例540：It is the air force that matters. （是空中力量在起作用。

）例541：Air forces were sent to the front. （空军被派往前线）energy：活力，精力，能量（指人的精力、自然界的能量等）例如：例542：Jim is a man full of energy.。

例543：They are making use of solar energy. （他们在利用太阳能）例544：I’m afraid it’s a waste of energy by doing that.。

power：力量，威力，权力，做事或行动的能力例如：例545：Knowledge is power. （知识就是力量）例546：Water power is more enough in this area. （该地区水力资源丰富。

）例547：He has the power of life and death over thousands.（他手中掌握有成千上万人的生死大权）例548：I’m sorry I can’t help you; it’s beyond my power.。

28．trip / journey / travel / tour / voyagetrip：旅行，旅程旅途不分长短例如：例549：My trip to school usually takes me five minutes on foot.。

例550：My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing; I’m on business.（我的北京之行不只是观光，我还有公务在身的）journey：旅行，旅程（指时间和路程都较长的陆路旅行），历程，过程，进程。

例如：例551：The long journey was too much for the old man.（这次长途旅行对这个老人家来说真是够呛）例552：A pleasant journey to you!。

例553：He made a long journey from Beijing to London.（他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行）例554：Life is a journey from birth to death. （生命是从出生到死亡的历程。

）travel：旅行，旅游无旅程含义往往是到国外或某个遥远的地方去泛指旅行，其前不加冠词；当复数用，表示游历、游记等例如：例555：This morning we finished the travel to the Great Wall.。

例556：Travel was slow and dangerous in olden times．例557：Mr. Wang wrote a book about his travels．tour：漫游，周游。

常指访问多处的观光旅行，常指周游后回到原出发地例如：例558：He had a tour of three years as a lecturer in the States.例559：Confucius began to make his tour among the states．（孔夫子开始周游列国。

）voyage：航行指航海或航空例如：例560：The voyage through the Pacific took them nearly one month.29．value / price / cost。

value：价值price：价格，价钱，定价cost：价格，成本，费用例如：例561：The book is of no value. （这本书没价值）例562：I hope this book will be of value to both teachers and students.。

例563：I hope this book will be valuable to both teachers and students.例564：The book was sold at a low price.

例565：The book was sold at a cost price. （这书以成本价出售）例566：What’s the cost of the journey? （这趟旅行的费用多少？）30．war / battle / campaign / fight / struggle

war：战争指战争的总体而言，一次war包含许多次battle例如：例567：The Anti-Japanese War lasted eight years.例568：Old Smith experienced two world wars.。

battle：战役通常指大规模的战斗，也可用于比喻例如：例569：The battle lasted three days．例570：The battle against racial discrimination is not over. （反种族歧视的斗争还未结束。

）campaign：战役（在某一地区所采取的一系列有固定目的的军事行动），规模比battle大；运动（为达到某一特殊目标所做的一连串有计划的活动）例如：例571：The Huai-Hai Campaign was one of the three greatest campaigns of decisive significance in the Chinese People’s War of Liberation. （淮海战役是中国人民解放战争中具有决定性战略意义的三大战役之一。

）例572：The company has spent over £50 million on its latest advertising campaign.fight：斗争，战斗指人与人或动物与动物之间的打斗。

例如：例573：The quarrel ended up with a fight. （那场争吵最终以打斗告终）struggle：挣扎，斗争表示的“斗争”包含着奋力挣扎的因素例如：例574：He devoted his life to the struggle against fascism and oppression.。

（他献身于反法西斯和反压迫的战争。）觉得有用就关注哦，更多精彩将持续奉上！