人文名词解释(护理人文关怀名词解释)真没想到

照顾老人换房住可好？

 

Social care社会关怀Club 18-10818-108俱乐部Free-rent for companionship荷兰一家护理院尝试让学生和老人同住

文章脉络P1：以舍雷什·迪曼的周末生活为引，引出对让学生和老人同住的新模式的探索P2：舍雷什·迪曼加入该计划已经三年，详细讲述该计划内容P3：学生和老人双方似乎都因该计划受益P4：该护理院的模式受老人和学生欢迎，想要加入已经需要排队了

P5：多家护理院也都践行了这一想法，该想法正在被传播和落实中P6：这些举措有助于防止在富裕世界里日益严重的孤独问题1SORES DUMAN is a normal 29-year-old. He goes to the cinema, follows

the Champions League attentively, parties occasionally and talks about life and love with his friends. Later in the week he will see

 an action movie with his mate Piebe. Before that, he may go to McDonald’s with Martey, another chum. It might take more time than usual for his friends to get ready for these activities. Piebe is 79 and Martey a

sprightly 94. Does Sores think his weekend plans are odd? “No, I do similar things with friends my own age. I don’t see the difference in age as an

obstacle.”舍雷什·迪曼（Sores Duman）是个29岁的普通年轻人他去电影院，是欧冠迷，偶尔参加聚会，和朋友们谈论生活和爱情本周晚些时候，他要和伙伴毕比（Piebe）去看一部动作片在这之前，他可能会和另一个。

朋友马蒂（Martey）一起去麦当劳他的这两位伙伴出门要花的时间可能更多些毕比79岁了；马蒂94岁，仍然精神矍铄迪曼会不会觉得自己的周末安排有些另类呢？“不会，我和我这个年纪的朋友们做的事也差不多我不觉得年龄差异是个。

障碍。”

occasionallyadverbsometimes, but not regularly and not often偶尔，偶然，间或:•Occasionally Alice would look up from her books.

艾丽斯看书时偶尔会抬起头来•We only see each other very occasionally (=rarely) .我们只是难得见一次面Sprightlyadjectivean old person who is sprightly is still active and full of energy – used to show approval。

〔老人〕活跃的，充满活力的〔含褒义〕熟词僻义party（n，聚会，团体，党派，当事人）用作动词enjoy oneself at a party or other lively gathering, typically with drinking and music

狂欢聚会，通常有音乐饮品作伴eg：they partied all night他们寻欢作乐了一整夜本句：He goes to the cinema, follows the Champions League attentively, parties occasionally and talks about life and love with his friends.

- 四个并列的动作，goes/ follows/ parties/ talks都是谓语动词讲述叙述故事和发生的事翻译：他去电影院，是欧冠迷，偶尔参加聚会，和朋友们谈论生活和爱情翻译技巧It might take more time than usual for his friends to get ready for these activities.。

本句运用了典型的含形式主语的句子的翻译技巧：找主语换句型很多同学会想要把it翻译成“这”，但是会发现这样很难进行下去其实不妨采取这样的办法：从语法层面来讲，形式主语it并不是真正的主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。

因此本句可以理解为：to get ready for these activities might take more time than usual for his friends，初步可翻译出大概：准备好出门对这两位朋友来说花的时间要比平常久一些，这样翻译已经可以接受了。

熟练的译者会进一步根据中文习惯来简化，本句意思其实就是“xxx出门花的时间要长”，因此最后会处理为：他的这两位伙伴出门要花的时间可能更多些2Mr Duman lives at the Humanitas。

 care home in Deventer, in central Holland. His housemates’ average age is over 85. He has been there for three years, along with five other students from nearby universities and around 150

 elderly residents. They are part of a scheme started in 2012 that provides them with free housing in exchange for

 30 hours per month of their time living as a “good neighbour”. Only one activity is mandatory: preparing and serving a meal on weekday evening.

迪曼住在荷兰中部代芬特尔（Deventer）的“人文”（Humanitas）护理院里他室友的平均年龄超过85岁迪曼已经在这里住了三年与他同住的还有附近大学的其他五名学生，以及约150位护理院里的老人他们都是2012年启动的一项。

计划的参与者。该计划为年轻人提供免费住宿。作为交换，他们每月要花30个小时充当老人们的“好邻居”。只有一项活动是必须的，那就是在工作日为老人们做顿晚饭并照顾他们用餐。

Schemenounan official plan that is intended to help people in some way, for example by providing education or training

计划，规划，方案;SYNprogramAmE.•The money will be used for teacher training schemes.这笔钱将用于教师培训计划•a pension scheme 。

养老金方案[+for]•schemes for two new cross-city lines建两条新的跨城铁路的规划scheme to do sth•a new scheme to boost exports

促进出口的新计划pilot scheme ( = something that is done on a small scale in order to see if it is successful 

)试验性计划•The pilot scheme proved to be a great success.这个试点项目结果非常成功Mandatoryadjectiveif something is mandatory, the law says it must be done。

依法必须做的，强制性的，义务的;SYN compulsory, obligatory; [+for]•Crash helmets are mandatory for motorcyclists.摩托车手必须带头盔。

•Murder carries a mandatory life sentence .谋杀罪依法要判无期徒刑•The Council has made it mandatory for all nurses to attend a refresher course every three years.。

理事会要求所有护士必须每三年参加一次进修课程翻译技巧They are part of a scheme started in 2012 that provides them with free housing in exchange for 30 hours per month of their time living as a “good neighbour”.。

翻译技巧：翻译时可以将很长的句子进行拆分，没有必要为了维持原文的句子结构而将句子翻译地十分拥挤，信息点密集本句就可以从free housing前后拆分：该计划为年轻人提供免费住宿作为交换，他们每月要花30个小时充当老人们的“好邻居”。

3Both parties appear to benefit from the programme. Mr Duman estimates that he has saved over €10,000 ($11,200) in rent. He claims that living in a care home has not

 impinged on his university experience. "We have big parties here," he says, pointing to a room for hire that sits empty at night, We

host everything from beer-pong tournaments to yoga classes.” In a promotional video, one resident calls the initiative gezellig, a Dutch word that roughly translates as

cosy: “Now and then they put me into the walker and race me through the hall,” she explains.双方似乎都因该计划

受益迪曼估计自己已经省下超过1万欧元（1.12万美元）的房租他说住在护理院里并没有妨碍自己的大学生活“我们在这里举办大型派对”他指着一个晚上没人住的待出租房间说“我们举办各种活动，有投杯球赛，瑜伽课，等等。

”在宣传视频中，护理院的一名老人认为该计划很“贴心”。她解释说：“他们有时会帮我架上助行架，在大厅里跟他们比赛谁跑得快。”

短语积累impinge onhave an effect, especially a negative one；advance over an area belonging to someone or something else;

妨碍，侵占，影响：▸ to impinge upon sbs free time/weekend 侵占某人的业余时间/周末eg：several factors impinge on market efficiency

有几点因素影响了市场效率本句：He claims that living in a care home has not impinged on his university experience.翻译：

他说住在护理院里并没有妨碍自己的大学生活熟词僻义race（n，比赛，竞争）用作动词-及物动词1）compete with-和…竞速（本句用法）eg：we raced each other back to the car 我们争先恐后跑回汽车上。

2）move… at a rapid speed-使…快速移动eg：they raced her to hospital 他们火速将她送往医院本句：“Now and then they put me into the walker and race me through the hall,” she explains.

翻译：她解释说：“他们有时会帮我架上助行架，在大厅里跟他们比赛谁跑得快”4Onno Selbach, the first student to move in, says he learnt to be more 。

patient as a result of the experience; the pace of life is slower at the home. The scheme has helped attract

 prospective residents. The home now has a waiting list, which it previously did not. And students are

queuing up. When two left the home in April, 27 applied to replace them.奥诺·塞尔巴赫（Onno Selbach）是第一个搬到护理院的学生。

他说，这里的生活节奏比较慢，这段经历让他变得更有耐心。该计划已成功帮助护理院吸引来了老人。现在入住这里需要排队了，以前是不用的。学生也一样。今年4月两名学生离开护理院时，有27人申请接替。

Prospectiveadjective1.prospective employee / candidate / buyer etcsomeone who is likely to do a particular thing or achieve a particular position

可能成为雇员的人/可能成功的候选人/潜在的客户等2.likely to happen 很可能发生的:•the prospective costs of providing pensions提供养老金可能产生的成本

翻译技巧The home now has a waiting list, which it previously did not.本句运用的翻译技巧是名词（a waiting list）转换成动词可能申请过国外大学的同学知道waiting list-候补席，这是比较西式的说法，至少在中文入住疗养院的表述中不会出现“候补席”这一说。

翻译很多时候讲究的是接地气，即传达核心意思，并不需要语言多么高大上那么在这里我们就可以把“waiting list”这个名词的意思表达出来，即转换成动词：排队本句：现在入住这里需要排队了，以前是不用的5

Humanitas is not the first institution to urge old and young people to live together. Municipalities across Spain and care homes in Lyon, France, and Cleveland, Ohio, have also

experimented with the idea. A team from Finland visited Deventer and was inspired to start a similar scheme.

“人文”护理院并不是首个倡导老人和年轻人同住的机构西班牙的众多城市，以及法国里昂、美国俄亥俄州的克利夫兰的多家护理院也都践行了这一想法芬兰的一个团队访问了代芬特尔并受到启发，准备启动一个类似的计划

短语积累experiment withtry out new ideas or methods尝试，对新事物的尝试，试用某物（并不翻译为“实验”）eg：the designers experimented with new ideas in lighting.

设计师在照明方面尝试了新的方法本句：Municipalities across Spain and care homes in Lyon, France, and Cleveland, Ohio, have also experimented with the idea.

翻译：西班牙的众多城市，以及法国里昂、美国俄亥俄州的克利夫兰的多家护理院也都践行了这一想法6Such initiatives could help combat loneliness, an increasing problem across the rich world. The very old,。

 migrants, the sick or disabled, and singletons are most at risk of feeling lonely. It goes hand in hand with social isolation

. About 18% of adult EU citizens—some 75m people—see friends or family at most only once a month. Nearly half of Britons over the age of 65 say that television or pets are their main form of company. Loneliness is also

reckoned to have serious health consequences: a study from 2015 found that lonely people had on average a 26% higher risk of dying in its seven-year study period than those who were not lonely. And the problem may only get worse. The share of people who are aged over 80 will more than double in the EU by 2080. Social isolation is becoming more common partly because people are marrying later. Creating a space for the elderly to 

mingle with youngsters can lift spirits—and help cash-strapped millennials. 这些举措有助于防止在富裕世界里日益严重的孤独问题高龄老人、。

移民、病人、残疾人以及单身人士最容易感到孤独它与社会隔绝相伴相生大约18%的成年欧盟公民（7500万人左右）一个月最多只见一次朋友或亲人近一半65岁以上的英国人称陪伴自己最多的是电视机或宠物孤独也被认为会严重影响健康

2015年的一项研究表明，在其七年研究期内，孤独者的死亡风险比不孤独者平均高出26%而且这个问题可能只会愈演愈烈到2080年，欧盟80岁以上人口的比例将增加一倍以上社会隔绝日益普遍的原因之一是晚婚为老年人创造一个。

与年轻人打成一片的空间可以振奋他们的精神，同时也帮助了手头拮据的千禧一代。

Combatverbto try to stop something bad from happening or getting worse – used especially in news reports

防止，抑制〔尤用于新闻报道〕:combat inflation / crime / racism etc•To combat inflation, the government raised interest rates.

为了抑制通货膨胀，政府提高了利率•new strategies for combatting terrorism打击恐怖主义的新战略短语积累hand in hand1）字面义：(of two people) with hands joined, especially as a mark of affection –（尤其是互相喜爱的）两个人手牵手地。

eg：I like walking hand in hand with my father down the street.我很喜欢和父亲一起手牵手走在街上2）比喻义：closely associated or connected –相关联地，共生的

eg：prejudice often goes hand in hand with ignorance 偏见常常伴随着无知本句：It goes hand in hand with social isolation.

翻译：它与社会隔绝相伴相生熟词僻义some（限定词/代词：一些，某些（东西/人））用作副词approximately；to some degree大约，稍微▸ some 70 people/20 years ago 大约70人/20年前。

eg：from here to town in 5 minutes: thats going some从这里到城里只花了5分钟：相当快啊eg：are you finding the work any easier? — some

你觉得工作顺手些了？──是顺手些了本句：About 18% of adult EU citizens—some 75m people—see friends or family at most >翻译：

大约18%的成年欧盟公民（7500万人左右）一个月最多只见一次朋友或亲人熟词僻义lift（v：抬起，举起）用作动词raise (a persons spirits or confidence)振奋，鼓舞（一般宾语为spirit或直接sb）。

▸ to lift the football team 鼓舞足球队的士气eg：this piece of luck lifted his spirits 这点运气振奋了他的情绪本句：Creating a space for the elderly to mingle with youngsters can lift spirits—and help cash-strapped millennials.

- 动名词做主语：Creating a space for the elderly to mingle with youngsters- 谓语动词：can lift spirits—and help cash-strapped millennials.（两个并列）

翻译：为老年人创造一个与年轻人打成一片的空间可以振奋他们的精神，同时也帮助了手头拮据的千禧一代。