科技发展的利与弊：科技发展的利与弊议论文

经济学人｜ Pessimism v Progress

 

科技是一把双刃剑，我相信不少小伙伴们都写过类似的作文，探究科技的利与弊。

The Economists里这篇关于技术利弊的文章有很多值得我们学习的知识点，我做了全文赏析。

首段讲了技术—本来希望能给我们带来更美好的未来，现在造成了很多问题，人们对此心生忧虑Faster, cheaper, better—technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply.。

> sth is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. 许多人认为sth能给我们带来一个更好的未来。

这句可以作为议论文的第一句可以联系不同话题，如：Education、5G、Autonomous vehicles等最后optimism is in short supply，表示人们对技术已经信心不足In the Arab spring of 2011 they were hailed as a liberating force.

2011年春天，在阿拉伯，他们被誉为一股解放力量> hail v. to describe sb/sth as being very good or special, especially in newspapers, etc. 。

赞扬（或称颂）sth/sb be hailed as stheg. The food ordering applications such as Eleme are hailed as a big success.

线上订餐软件饿了么被称赞为一个很大的成功Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies.。

父母担心手机会将孩子变成嗜屏僵尸这一句非常形象，尤其是scree-addicted zombies, 注意一个短语turn A into, 演变成...，从A发展成B.. eg. The drastic forest fire has turned the paradise of animals into a barren place.。

这场灾难性的森林大火将动物的乐园变成了一片荒地。

第二段举了一些例子，比如AI、5G、自动驾驶汽车等，都存在很多问题The technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to cast a dark shadow. 。

预计将主导下一个十年的技术似乎也给社会蒙上了阴影> to cast a dark shadow 蒙上一层阴影Eg. The dramatically increased price of pork have cast a dark shadow to citizens’ living condition.。

> entrench v. to establish sth very firmly so that it is very difficult to change 使处于牢固地位；牢固确立eg. Sexism is deeply entrenched in our society. 

性别歧视在我们这个社会根深蒂固。> shore up 加强，加固

5G is at the heart of the Sino-American trade war.5G技术是中美贸易战的核心问题> at the heart of 在...中心People’s views of pursuing higher education is at the heart of the yearly increasing rate of study abroad.。

> morph from A to B，同morph into，从A转变为BEg. Mild-mannered Stanley morphs into a confident, grinning hero.

温良恭谨的斯坦利变了，变成了一位充满信心、笑口常开的豪杰人物。

第三段讲了人们的消极看法主要是源于对智能手机和社交媒体的担忧同样举了例，比如1970年代的低迷不振主要是因为人口过剩，环境问题和核废料处理等Yet concerns that humanity has taken a technological wrong turn, or that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arisen before.。

然而，关于人类在技术上走错了方向，或者某些技术可能弊大于利的担忧，在此之前就已经出现了这里注意一个表达，弊大于利：sth do more harm than goodThe 1920s witnessed a backlash against cars, which had earlier been seen as a miraculous answer to the affliction of horse-drawn vehicles—which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents.。

20世纪20年代见证了一场反对汽车的运动，在此之前，汽车被视为解决马车之苦的奇迹般的方法马车在街道上充斥着噪音和粪便，造成交通堵塞和交通事故值得注意的是，witness 这个词，意思是见证，一般是什么年代见证了什么事情的发生，就像这个句子里这样使用。

此外，A has been seen as a miraculous answer to B，A被视为B的解决方法，这一句非常生动，举例：Education has been seen as a miraculous answer to the stagnant economy. 

第四段讲了回首过往的历史案例，失望就是未实现的希望和未预料到的结果的混合物Stand back, and in each of these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealised hopes and unforeseen consequences.。

disappointment arouse from...用于讨论事物引起了人们的不满eg. Because of the long-lasting haze days in Chengdu, disappointment arouse from government。

’ s regulations on environmental pollution control.drawbacks outweith its benefits，与前文sth do more harm than good

同样也是弊大于利。

第五段开始转折，人们太过忧虑了大家只注意到新技术带来的负面影响，却将它带来的好处视为理所应当Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of ubiquitous communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible.。

这里A be weighed against b，A和B相互抵消eg. The benefits brought from various smartphone applications weigh against these threats to privacy.

手机里各种软件带给我们的好处可以与起隐私威胁抵消。

第六段将许多问题的解决办法都和技术相关比如安全气囊提高了驾驶安全性，大大减少了驾驶死亡人数等A is applied as the effort to stem B, stem，动词阻止A被用来阻止B

最后文章提到，技术是受人支配的技术改变世界取决于人们怎么利用它其中提到的两个例子都很不错：The internet spreads understanding, but it is also where videos of people being beheaded 。

go viral. Biotechnology can raise crop yields and cure diseases-but it could equally lead to deadly weapons. 

sth go viral 指某事物在互联网上迅速传播，走红

最后提到也许人们的担忧不是来源于技术本身，而是对社会控制争论，以及想出解决办法能力的疑虑这样的话，技术悲观主义其实是政治悲观的一种表现But the solution to such problems 。

calls for the deployment of more technology, not less.call for需要，要求，作者通过这个短语表达了人们对技术的担忧，需要应用更多技术来解决eg. 

Its a situation that calls for a blend of delicacy and force.这种情况下需要的是刚柔并济今天我们学了一下几个重要的表达和句型：1）sth is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. 。

2）to cast a dark shadow 蒙上一层阴影3）morph from A to B / morph into，从A转变为B4）drawbacks outweith its benefits / sth do more harm than good

5）A be weighed against b，A和B相互抵消6）call for需要，要求啰嗦一下：这篇文章作为第一篇，总想把它写得很完美结果就是一拖再拖最后终于快编辑好的时候，微信后台又崩了（哭泣）。

不过，还是憋出来了～继续加油～～