生活知识翻译(健康的生活翻译)原创

to agree unwillingly to do sth because other people want you to 屈从于。

 

bow to sthto agree unwillingly to do sth because other people want you to 屈从于· •They finally bowed to pressure from the public. 他们终于在公众的压力下让步了。

· •She bowed to the inevitable (= accepted a situation in which she had no choice) and resigned. 她迫于无奈，只得辞职。

bump·er /ˈbʌmpə(r)/[ only before noun] ( approving) unusually large; producing an unusually large amount 异常大的；丰盛的

•a bumper issue (= of a magazine, etc.) （期刊的）特大号•a bumper crop/harvest/season/year 丰收；丰收季节；丰收年· dawn on

o PHRASAL VERB If a fact or idea dawns on you, you realize it. 使开始明白• It gradually dawned on me that I still had talent and ought to run again.

我渐渐明白我还有能力，应该再参加一次dras·ticadj. /ˈdræstɪk/ /ˈdrɑːs‑/extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth 极端的；急剧的；严厉的；猛烈的。

•drastic measures/changes 严厉的措施；剧烈的变化• The government is threatening to take drastic action . 政府警告说要采取断然措施。

• a drastic shortage of food 食物的极度短缺• Talk to me before you do anything drastic. 你采取任何重大行动之前要跟我谈谈· retrenchment /rɪˈtrɛntʃmənt/。

o N-VAR Retrenchment means spending less money. (开支的)紧缩; 削减• Defence planners predict an extended period of retrenchment.

国防规划人员们预计，开支紧缩期会延长deep-pocketed 财大气粗bet /bet/1.[ also V that] ~ (sth) (on/against sth)to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result 下赌注（于）；用…打赌。

[ V]•You have to be over 16 to bet. 赌博者年龄不得低于16岁[ VN]•He bet $2 000 on the final score of the game. 他下2 000元赌比赛的最后比分。

[ VNN]•She bet me ￡20 that I wouldnt do it. 她和我打20英镑的赌，说我不会那么做[ also VN that ] ——see also ="javascript:;">betting gamble。

ava·tarn. /ˈævətɑː(r)/(in Hinduism and Buddhism) a god appearing in a physical form 化身（印度教和佛教中化作人形或兽形的神）

2. a picture of a person or an animal which represents a person, on a computer screen, especially in a computer game or

chat room （尤指电脑游戏或聊天室中代表使用者的）化身staff·ern. /ˈstɑːfə(r)/( NAmE ) a member of staff in a big organization （大机构）职员

cull /kʌl/[ VN] to kill a particular number of animals of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large 部分捕杀，宰杀（为防止动物种群量过多而杀掉其中一定数量）

PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词1.ˈcull sth from sthto choose or collect sth from a source or several different sources 选出；挑出；采集

•an exhibition of paintings culled from regional art galleries 从各地区画廊中精选出来的绘画作品展cull /kʌl/the act of killing some animals (usually the weakest ones) of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large （为防止动物种群量过多而通常对最弱者的）选择性宰杀

•the annual seal cull 每年对海豹的选择性宰杀slash /slæʃ/[ VN] 1. to make a long cut with a sharp object, especially in a violent way （用利器）砍，劈

SYN slit•Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了•She tried to kill herself by slashing her wrists. 她试图割腕自杀。

•We had to slash our way through the undergrowth with sticks. 我们挥舞着木棍一路劈砍，才在密林里开出一条路，穿了过去2. [ often passive] ( often used in newspapers 常用于报章 ) to reduce sth by a large amount 大幅度削减；大大降低。

•to slash costs/prices/fares, etc. 大幅度降低成本、价格、车费等•The workforce has been slashed by half. 职工人数裁减了一半——note at

cutPHRASAL VERBS 短语动词· 1.ˈslash at sb/sth (with sth)to attack sb violently with a knife, etc. （用刀等）猛砍，砍击

back·dropn. /ˈbækdrɒp/( BrE also back·cloth )a painted piece of cloth that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the

scenery （舞台的）背景幕布2. everything that can be seen around an event that is taking place, but which is not part of that event （事件发生时）周围陪衬景物

•The mountains provided a dramatic backdrop for our picnic. 群山如画，给我们的野餐平添景色——note at environment3. the general conditions in which an event takes place, which sometimes help to explain that event （事态或活动的）背景。

•It was against this backdrop of racial tension that the civil war began. 这场内战肇端于种族之间的紧张状态head·countn.

/ˈhedkaʊnt/an act of counting the number of people who are at an event, employed by an organization, etc.; the number of people that have been counted in this way 人数统计；统计出的人数

to do a headcount 统计人数Whats the latest headcount? 最新统计的人数是多少？3. V-I When something balloons, it increases rapidly in amount. (数量上) 猛增

• The jails female and minority populations have both ballooned in recent years.该监狱的女性及少数民族犯人在近几年都猛增了。

shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ ( shrank/ʃræŋk/ or shrunk/ʃrʌŋk/ shrunkshrunk)to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, cloth, etc. smaller in this way （使）缩水，收缩，缩小，皱缩

[ V] •My sweater shrank in the wash. 我的毛衣缩水了[ also VN ]2. to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount （使）缩小，收缩，减少。

[ V]•The tumour had shrunk to the size of a pea. 肿瘤已缩小到豌豆大小•The market for their products is shrinking. 市场对他们产品的需求在减少。

[ VN]•There was a movie called ‘Honey I shrunk the kids!’. 有部电影名叫《宝贝儿，我把孩子们缩小了！》•Television in a sense has shrunk the world. 从某种意义上说电视把世界缩小了。

——see also shrunken3. [ V+ adv./prep.] to move back or away from sth because you are frightened or shocked 退缩；畏缩

SYN cower•He shrank back against the wall as he heard them approaching. 听见他们朝这边来，他退到墙根IDIOMS 习语· 1. a ˌshrinking ˈviolet。

( humorous) a way of describing a very shy person （指羞怯的人）PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词· 1.ˈshrink from sthto be unwilling to do sth that is difficult or unpleasant 畏避，回避（困难等）

o •We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation. 我们向他们清楚地表明，我们不会畏避交锋[+ -ing]•

They did not shrink from doing what was right. 只要做得对，他们就无所畏惧crit·ic·aladj. /ˈkrɪtɪkl/EXPRESSING DISAPPROVAL 表示不赞成。

~ (of sb/sth)expressing disapproval of sb/sth and saying what you think is bad about them 批评的；批判性的；挑剔的

•a critical comment/report 批判性的评论╱报道•The supervisor is always very critical. 主管总是很挑剔•Toms parents were highly critical of the school. 汤姆的父母对学校提出了强烈的批评。

per·ceivev. /pəˈsiːv/to notice or become aware of sth 注意到；意识到；察觉到[ VN]•I perceived a change in his behaviour. 我注意到他举止有些改变。

[ V that]•She perceived that all was not well. 她意识到并非一切都顺利[ VN to inf]•The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing. 发现病人呼吸困难。

HELP This pattern is usually used in the passive. 此句型通常用于被动语态——note at notice2. [ VNVN to inf] ~ sb/sth (as sth)to understand or think of sb/sth in a particular way 将…理解为；将…视为；认为。

SYN see•This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. 这一发现被视为一项重大突破•She did not perceive herself as disabled. 她没有把自己看成残疾人。

•They were widely perceived to have been unlucky. 人们普遍认为他们的运气不佳——note at regardHELP This pattern is usually used in the passive. 此句型通常用于被动语态。

spoil /spɔɪl/the spoils [ pl.] ( formal ) ( literary) goods taken from a place by thieves or by an army that has won a battle or war 赃物；战利品；掠夺物

2. spoils [ pl.] the profits or advantages that sb gets from being successful 成功所带来的好处；权力地位的连带利益•the spoils of high office 身居高位的连带利益

3. [ U] ( technical 术语) waste material that is brought up when a hole is dug, etc. （开掘等时挖出的）弃土，废石方lav·ish

/ˈlævɪʃ/large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money 大量的；给人印象深刻的；耗资巨大的SYN extravagant luxuriously

•lavish gifts/costumes/celebrations 丰厚的礼品；昂贵的服装；规模盛大的庆典•They lived a very lavish lifestyle . 他们过着挥霍无度的生活。

•They rebuilt the house on an even more lavish scale than before. 他们重造了房子，规模甚至比以前更大2. ~ (with/in sth)giving or doing sth generously 慷慨的；大方的。

•He was lavish in his praise for her paintings. 他大力赞扬她的绘画DERIVATIVES 派生词lav·ish·lyadv· •lavishly illustrated 有大量插图。

· perk /pɜːk/o 1. N-COUNT Perks are special benefits that are given to people who have a particular job or belong to a particular group. 特殊待遇

• ...a company car, health insurance and other perks.…一辆公司配车、健康保险以及其他特殊待遇o 2. ADJ pert; brisk; lively 活跃的; 活泼的; 轻快的。

o 3. V undefined→ perk upo 4. V (of coffee) to percolate (咖啡)过滤o 5. V to percolate (coffee) 过滤(咖啡)· catch up with

catchingcaughtcatcheso 1. PHRASAL VERB When people catch up with someone who has done something wrong, they succeed in finding them in order to arrest or punish them. 逮捕

• The law caught up with him yesterday.他于昨日落入法网o 2. PHRASAL VERB If something catches up with you, you are forced to deal with something unpleasant that happened or that you did in the past, which you have been able to avoid until now. 让 (某人) 尝到恶果。

• Although he subsequently became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him.虽然他后来成了一位成功的商人，但他的犯罪前科却让他尝到了恶果。