奔走相告中国历史简述(中国历史简述40字左右)

中华民族历史悠久，应该如何用英语介绍？快来查收《中国文化概况》历史篇！

 

中国文化概况——历史篇01前言在前面两期，我们已经为大家介绍了国家概况与地理本期，我们将为大家介绍国家历史重点词汇如下（翻译见文末）（滑动查看更多）the four homes of the worlds earliest civilisations

Emperor Huangthe descendants of Yan and Huangthe institution of slaverythe lunar calendarthe Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods

dukesfeudal monarchythe prefecture-countsystemmausoleumsthe Three Kingdoms periodtripartite balancethe Southern and Northern dynasties

the Five dynasties and the Ten Kingdomsascend the throne Genghis KhanKublaithe ManchuThe Opium Warsemi-feudal, semi-colonial status

three-tier systemspecial administrative regionsthe Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionthe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

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Outline History 历史概况China has a recorded history of nearly 4,000 years and is one of the four homes of the worlds earliest civilisations

. The first primitive man known to have existed in China is Yuanmou Man(元谋人) who lived about 1.7 million years ago. Peking Man, who existed more than 600,000 years ago at Zhoukoudian (周口店)

in the vicinity of modern Beijing, could walk upright, make and use simple tools, and make use of fire. They possessed basic human characteristics.

Chinese dynastic history can be divided into two periods: the ancientperiod (ancient times — 1840) and the modern period (1840-present).

Ancient PeriodChinese history began with two legendary figures — Emperor Huang黄帝) and Emperor Yan(炎帝), who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches of the YellowRiver. By the time of the Xia dynasty (夏朝:2070-1600 BC), after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves

the descendants of Yan and Huang.It was during the Xia dynasty that the institution of slavery(奴隶制) began.There 

are many legends describing the life of the people in this period, especially of the three sage(贤明的) kings after Emperor Huangand Emperor Yan-Yao(尧), Shun(舜) and Yu (禹). Yao made great contributions to

the lunar calendar. His successor, Shun, was physically and intellectually gifted and was a man with great virtues. Yu was famous for conquering the floods. He inspired people to dig ditches to divert water away instead of building dams. He worked ceaselessly for 13 years and succeeded incontrolling the floods. Legend has it that he was so busy that “thrice he had gone past his own house without even looking in”.

Following the Xia dynasty arose the Shang dynasty (商朝:1600 — 1046 BC), the Western Zhou dynasty (西周: 1046-771BC),

the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (春秋战国:770-221BC).In 221 BC , Ying Zheng, the highly gifted, ambitious king of the Qin 

Kingdom ended the turmoil and chaos among dukes(诸侯) and kings in the Warring States period. He established the first united, centralised, multi-ethnic

feudal monarchy (封建王朝) — the Qin dynasty (秦朝:221-206 BC) styling himself“Shi Huangdi (meaning the First Emperor)”. Emperor Qinshihuang unified the language, the measurement system and the currency, set up

the prefecture-countsystem (郡县制), constructed the famous Great Wall and built extravagant palaces and

mausoleums.The Han dynasty (汉朝: 206 BC-AD220) was established by LiuBang, with its capital at Chang an (now Xian). It is divided into two periods: the Western Han dynasty (西汉:206 BC--AD 25) and the Eastern Han dynasty (东汉:AD 25-220).

The Han dynasty survived for 426 years. By the year 220, China evolved into the Three Kingdoms period 

(三国), in a tripartite balance of the Wei Kingdom (魏: AD 220--265), the Shu Kingdom (蜀:AD 221-263)and

the Wu Kingdom(吴:AD 222-280).Following the Three Kingdoms period were consecutively the Jin dynasty (晋:AD 265-420),

the Southern and Northern dynasties (南北朝: AD420-589) and the Sui dynasty (隋朝:AD581-618). By the year 618, the Tang dynasty (唐朝:AD618--907), the commonly regarded glorious period in Chinese history, was founded by Li Yuan.

Following the Tang dynasty came the period of the Five dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms (五代十国:AD 907-979). In 960, Zhao Kuangyin

launched a rebellion. His lieutenants (随从将领) clothed him in the yellow imperial gown and asked him to

ascend the throne. Thus,he established the Song dynasty (宋朝:960-1279).In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire upon his unification of the scattered Mongol tribes.

Kublai, a grandson of Genghis Khan, swept southwards across central China in 1271 and founded the Yuan dynasty (元朝:1271-1368) with Dadu (now Beijing) as the capital.

In 1368, the Ming dynasty( 明朝:1368-1644) was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang. During the later period of the Ming dynasty, a new military power in the northeast of China arose. Led by their chieftains(首领),

the Manchu(满族) tribesmen on horseback fought with the Ming forces for years at the Great Wall, and finally established the Qing dynasty (清朝:1644 — 1911).

Modern PeriodThe Opium War was the turning point in Chinese history which marked the close of the ancient period and the beginning of the modern history. From 1840 on, imperialists made continuous inroads (侵犯) into China, and China gradually became a country of

semi-feudal, semi-colonial status.The Qing dynasty, the last of Chinas feudal dynasties, was finally overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen (1866--1925). One year later, the Republic of China was founded under his leadership.

With the introduction of Marxism and Leninism into China and under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia, the 4 May Movement broke out in 1919, and in 1921 the CPC was founded, thus beginning a new period in Chinese history. After the anti-Japanese War and the Liberation War, the Peoples Republic of China was founded in1949.

Sun Yat-scn 孙中山A Chinese political leader who established the Kuomintang Party in China, and helped to remove the last Qing dynasty emperor from power. He became the first president of the newly founded Republic of China in 1912.

孙中山，中国政治家，在中国创立国民党领导了推翻末代清朝皇帝的运动。他于 1912 年任新成立的中华民国的开国大总统。

Administrative DivisionsAccording to the Constitution of the PRC, Chinas administrative unitsare currently based on a

three-tier system (三级建制): (1) The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; (2) provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, and cities; (3) counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, ethnic minority townships and towns.

At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government, and 2

special administrative regions (SAR). The 23 provinces are Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai..

.The 5 autonomous regions are the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,

the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Tibet Autonomous Region. The 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government are Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing. Hong Kong and Macao are two special administrative regions.

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本期总结

本期，我们介绍了国家历史回顾下列词汇，它们分别是什么意思？the four homes of the worlds earliest civilisationsEmperor Huangthe descendants of Yan and Huang

the institution of slaverythe lunar calendarthe Spring and Autumn and Warring States periodsdukesfeudal monarchy

the prefecture-countsystemmausoleumsthe Three Kingdoms periodtripartite balancethe Southern and Northern dynasties

the Five dynasties and the Ten Kingdomsascend the throne Genghis KhanKublaithe ManchuThe Opium Warsemi-feudal, semi-colonial status

three-tier systemspecial administrative regionsthe Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionthe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

（滑动查看更多答案）四大文明古国黄帝炎黄子孙奴隶制农历春秋战国诸侯封建王朝郡县制陵墓三国时期三国鼎立南北朝五代十国登基成吉思汗忽必烈满族鸦片战争半殖民半封建三级建制特别行政区内蒙古新疆维吾尔自治区

下期预告

下一期，我们将为大家带来国家人口的介绍敬请期待END资料来源丨《中国文化概况》若有错误，欢迎批评指正