科技?英语_科技英语综合教程答案

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一、科技英语特点1. 以客观陈述为主，较多使用被动句科技人员在研究和解决科技问题时重视事物本身的客观规律、主观事实和方法、性能和特征，在讨论科技问题是力求客观而准确的陈述，因此，在科技文献中通常以非人称的语气作客观的叙述，从而较多使用被动句。

例如：The length of the polymer chain is specified by the number of repeat units in the chain. This is called the degree of polymerization. Unlike many products whose structure and reactions were well known before their industrial application, some polymers were produced on an industrial scale long before their chemistry or physics was studied.

2. 大量使用科技词语科技文献中除了使用各学科专用的科技词语外，还广泛使用各学科通用的半科技词语和书面的非科技词语专用的科技词语仅用于某个学科或专业的词汇或术语半科技词语指那些日常用于英语，但又是科技英语中常用的那些词汇。

例：reaction. 书面非科技词语指主要用于科技英语但却严格地属于非科技性质的词语例： apply, to yield, generation, available, at the rate of 按~~~的比率，以~~~速度

in terms of 用、借助于in the order of 大约3. 表达方式程式化文章结构程式化：标题、摘要，正文（引言、论述、结论）介绍某个过程或功能及达到某种目标时，一般利用动词不定式短语构成目的状语，放在句子的开头。

例：To increase the rate of reaction, a catalyst is used.简述实验结果时，往往在句首使用引导词 it 作形式主语，构成被动句，It was found the rate of follow was improved by increasing the pressure.

4. 大量使用非谓语动词、名词及介词短语非谓语动词作定语，可明确所描述对象利用非谓语动词构成的各种短语代替句子中的从句或分句，可使句子简练例： Polypropylene is the second resin in the family of polyolefins composed of long chain saturated hydrocarbons.。

5. 条件句较多科技英语中常须提出假设和推理，因而条件句使用得较多一般条件句由两个句子组成：表示假设条件的“if”从句在前，后面主句说明该条件得到满足时的推论或后续步骤6、复杂的长句较多Configurational isomerism is then due to the presence in the molecule of one or more dissymmetric centers, in the simplest case asymmetric carbon atoms, each of which can have (R) and (S) absolute configuration; and, or, to the presence of double blonds which can the presence of double blonds which can givecis- and trans- geometrical isomers.。

7、 句子结构严谨合理科技英语要求客观性、准确性和严密性，既满足语法修辞的要求，又符合逻辑和客观实际具体根据句子中表达的具体概念分别采用主从结构和平行结构主从结构：两个以上不同概念，而不同等重要的成分，重要成分成主句。

如：（1） The crude petroleum oil obtained from well consists of a mixture of hydro-carbons each of which is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen.

（2）The crude petroleum oil obtained from well consists of hydro-carbons and each of these is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen.

8. 省略句较多(1) 并列复合句中的省略在并列复合句中，各句里的相同成分——主、谓、或宾可予以省略例：Low density polyethylene has a crystallinity range of 65 percent, and high density polyethylene (has a crystallinity range) of 85 percent.。

(2) 定语从句中的省略由关联词which 或that 引出的定语从句，通常可将关联词和从句谓语中的助动词（当从句被动语态时）省略，只留下作定语用的分词短语，如：Vinyl resins cover a broad group of materials (that are) derived from the “vinyl” radical.

(3) 其他省略句在特定句型中，常可省略一些句子成分如： The smaller the particles (are ), the more freely do they move.(4) 一些固定的省略句型：。

As described above 如前所述 If possible 如可能的（话） As indicated in Fig.I 如图I所示 If required 需要时，如果需要（的话） As noted later 如后所述，从下文可以看出 When in use 在使用时、当工

作时 As previously mentioned 前已提及When necessary 当必要时、如有必要 When needed 如果需要（的话） As shown in table X 如表X所示 If necessary 如有必要